A hematoxylin and eosin stained slide of canalicular adenoma showing multifocality. It will also help in development of newer strategies for differentiating these lesions and making an early diagnosis. Aug 24, 2009 salivary gland neoplasms slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The majority of these neoplasms are benign 80% and only 20% are malignant. In an attempt to explain the histogenesis of salivary gland tumors, a bicellular theory of origin has been presented. Benign and malignant salivary gland tumors anticancer research. Illustrates location of hypopharynx, nasopharynx, hard palate, anterior tongue, lips, floor of mouth, gum, salivary glands, and hpvassociated oropharyngeal sites such as soft palate, uvula, palatine tonsils, oropharynx, base of tongue, posterior pharyngeal wall, and lingual tonsils. Sox10 is a novel marker of acinus and intercalated duct differentiation in salivary gland tumors. The sialadenoma papilliferum, intraductal papilloma, and inverted ductal papilloma are three rare salivary tumors that also show unique papillomatous features. There are several pairs of salivary glands in different locations a major pair in front of the ears parotid glands. Head and neck pathology grossing guidelines do not cut any. Find information about salivary gland cancer types and the latest research. Histogenesis of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma mixed tumor with an evaluation of the role of the myoepithelial cell. Histogenetic and morphogenetic concepts of salivary gland.
Salivary gland tumors sgts are rare neoplasms accounting for. Article information, pdf download for current status of histogenetic. Sep 28, 2017 salivary gland cancers malignant salivary gland tumors there are many types of salivary gland cancers. Salivary gland tumors are relatively uncommon and account for approximately 36% of all neoplasms of the head and neck. Differentiation of benign and malignant tumors is not the primary goal of ct and mri. Newly described salivary gland tumors modern pathology. The uniform expression of ar exclusively in a subset of malignant salivary gland tumors suggests a possible role for ar in the histogenesis and possibly in the clinical management of these malignant salivary gland tumors. Sep 12, 2015 a number of salivary gland tumors can be characterized microscopically by a papillomatous pattern. This electronmicroscope study of the histogenesis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma is based on 15 cases from the major and minor salivary glands. Learn about the risk factors for salivary gland cancer and what you might be able to do to help lower your risk.
This theory is supported by indirect evidence from light and electron microscopy. Salivary gland tumors are one of the most complex and relatively rare group of lesions encountered in oral pathology practice. The minor salivary glands consist of 800 small mucussecreting glands located throughout the lining of the oral cavity. The major salivary glands consist of the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. Evolving concepts and new entities in the 2017 who. Their complexity is attributed to heterogeneity of the cells of. Current concepts in diagnosis of unusual salivary gland tumors. The submandibular gland is involved in only 5% to 10% of the salivary gland tumors, and pleomorphic adenoma pa is the most common tumor affecting it. Histogenesis of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma mixed.
This clinically oriented book provides a comprehensive update on the biology, diagnosis, and treatment of salivary gland cancer. Most patients present in the 7th decade of life, with females affected much more commonly than males about a. This study describes the clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical expression of ki67 and p53 in 60 cases of submandibular salivary gland pas. The most popular histogenetic hypothesis championed by batsakis and. Most 70% salivary gland tumors originate in the parotid gland, with the bulk of the remainder arising in the submandibular gland 8% and in the minor salivary glands 22%. Ultrastructural study of the histogenesis of salivary. Manual of salivary gland diseases oasis dental library. Salivary gland tumors merck manuals professional edition. Sox10 is a novel marker of acinus and intercalated duct. Crtc1maml2 fusion transcript in high grade mucoepidermoid. All 26 benign salivary gland tumors were negative for ar, er, and pr. Salivary gland tumours or neoplasms are tumours that form in the tissues of salivary glands.
Pdf histogenesis of salivary gland neoplasms shaleen. Most inflammatory and noninflammatory, nonneoplastic diseases should be managed conservatively and symptomatically. Reason for the above criteria can be understood only when a complete knowledge and understanding. There has not been a single universally used classification system for salivary gland tumor. This book covers all aspects of salivary glands right from their development to the management of the diseases. This is a very rare benign neoplasm, that makes up about 1% of all salivary gland tumors, or about 4% of all benign salivary gland tumors. The current world health organization who 4th edition of head and neck tumors recognizes 31 types of unique salivary gland epithelial neoplasms, including 20 malignant and 11 benign entities. Histogenesis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands. The cellular composition of adenoid cystic carcinoma is similar to that in the terminal. Report of a case associated with high urinary excretion of vanilmandelic acid.
Kaul concerning head and neck regions, it is known that tumors of the salivary glands correspond on an average to 3% of the affections of this site and the majority being of epithelial origin 1, 2. We also included, for the first time, three primary mecs of the thyroid gland. Salivary gland neoplasms have always been an field of interest for head neck and tumors because of its diversity in histogenesis and morphogenesis. The tumors are histologically classified with respect to specific tumor type and the distribution within the three major glands.
Of the 2410 tumors of the salivary glands evaluated by eveson and cawson, 2 72. Histogenesis of the papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum warthin s tumor of the parotid salivary gland alden s. Most salivary gland tumors are benign and occur in the parotid glands. It elaborates the classification of salivary gland diseases. The various types of salivary gland tumors are best distinguished by their histologic patterns. Tumor staging in the salivary glands depends on whether the tumor is located in the head or neck area. Adopting a systematic diagnostic approach with a focus on patterns of. Morphological patterns of salivary gland tumors sindhu sharma, rupali bargotra, k. Pathogenesis and histogenesis of salivary gland tumours prezi.
Salivary gland mixed tumor i i istogenesisdarimk rt al. Pdf histogenetic and morphogenetic concepts of salivary. Request pdf p27skp2 histochemical profile is relevant to malignant salivary gland tumors mst histogenesis and tumor grade malignant salivary gland tumors mst represent over more than 24. Salivary gland cancers are named according to which of these cell types they most look like when seen under a microscope.
The histogenesis of each group of related tumors is presented together with gross and microscopic descriptions supported by numerous well executed photomicrographs. The expression of a vascular smoothmuscle actin in salivary. Salivary gland tumours are rare and most cases are referred to the head and neck clinic. Current status of histogenetic and morphogenetic concepts of. Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancya neoplasm of neural crese origin. Pac was first proposed by evans and batsakis in 1984 as a distinct type of salivary gland carcinoma under the nomenclature of polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma plga. Normal salivary glands are made up of many different kinds of cells, and tumors can start in any of these cell types. Often major salivary glands but also lips, buccal mucosa, palate, tongue, retromolar area, floor of mouth, ectopic salivary glands tumors of palate may erode bone usually indolent behavior but occasionally recurs locally or metastasizes to lymph nodes ear nose throat j 2011. Still in the us, carcinomas of the major salivary glands comprise 11% of oropharyngeal neoplasms. Larger the size of salivary gland, more the chance of tumor being benign. Most small salivary gland tumors begin in the palate roof of the mouth. The sections show a stratified squamous epithelium with a thin layer of parakeratosis, minor salivary glands, and a wellcircumscribed cystic lesion. Ultrastructural study of the histogenesis of salivary gland.
The annual incidence of salivary gland cancers ranges from 0. In case of a tumor, hemangioma is the most common histotype within the salivary glands in these patients baker and malone 1985. Advances in diagnosis and management of salivary gland. The minor salivary glands consist of 800 small mucussecreting glands located throughout the lining of the. There are numerous entities of salivary gland neoplasms and while some are. Chaudhry ap, cutler ls, liefer c, labay g, satchidanand s, yamane m 1989 ultrastructural study of the histogenesis of salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
Although almost 40 histologic types of epithelial tumors of the salivary glands exist, some are exceedingly rare and may be the subject of only a few case reports. Cancer is caused by changes in the dna inside of cells. The cystic lesion has a mildly fibrotic appearing wall, is lined by histiocytes intermixed with rare lymphocytes, and contains mucous and macrophages. For malignant tumors, treatment is with excision and radiation. It is proposed that this class of salivary gland tumor forms a spectrum with monomorphic adenoma and myoepithelioma at the extremes. Acinic cell carcinoma 3% of all salivary gland neoplasm 8090% in parotid 15% of all parotid tumors mean age is 4050 years 23 occur in female 3% shows bilateral involvement second most common salivary gland tumor in children well circumscribed tumor with fibrosis tissue macroscopically. Description the tongue, cheeks, and palate the hard and soft areas at the roof of the mouth contain many glands that produce saliva.
Keywords salivary glands, proliferation, stem cells, histogenesis. Adenoid cystic carcinoma is the commonest cancer in the submandibular and minor salivary glands, making up 4249% 14, 15. Tumors of minor salivary glands e583 introduction salivary gland neoplasms represent less than 1% of all tumors, and 35% of all head and neck neoplasms. According to the multicellular theory of sgts, pleomorphic adenomas originate from the intercalated duct cells and myoepithelial cells. Definition a salivary gland tumor is an uncontrolled growth of cells that originates in one of the many salivaproducing glands in the mouth. Its of keen interest that all benign tumors arise from major salivary glands whereas on the other side all malignant arise from minor salivary glands. Tumors of the major salivary glands annals of internal. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Current classifications of salivary gland tumors separate mucoepidermoid carcinoma from other neoplasms on the basis of a number of histological features.
Detailed information is presented on molecular characterization and radiological staging, and a series of treatmentrelated chapters describe the different surgical approaches to major and minor salivary gland cancer, including reconstructive surgery techniques, and. Longterm results are related to the grade of the cancer. Histogenesis of salivary gland neoplasms dwivedi n, agarwal a. Salivary gland tumors ppt by dr gulzar a bhat authorstream. We explore histopathologic, histochemical, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical aspects and discuss histologic grading, histogenesis, animal models, and genetic events. The salivary glands comprise the three paired major glands the parotid, the submandibular and sublingual and the minor glands located in the palate, lips, buccal mucosa. Histogenesis of salivary gland neoplasms dwivedi n. Perineural invasion for parotid tumor facial nerve entire nerve should be assessed all the way even if there is no clinical facial paralysis auriculotemporal nerve through a small fat pad along the medial aspect of the lateral pterygoid muscle and just inferior to the foramen ovale salivary gland tumors. The majority of these neoplasms are benign and only 20% are. The three main pairs of salivary glands are the parotid glands, the sublingual glands, and the submandibular glands. Salivary gland tumors sgts are rare neoplasms accounting for 0. Get an overview of salivary gland cancer and the latest key statistics in the us. Our primary salivary gland tumors were composed of 22 mecs, 11 warthins tumors, 10 adenoid cystic carcinomas, two basaloid carcinomas, five salivary duct carcinomas, and five adenocarcinomas, not otherwise specified. Tables 1 and 2 define the american joint committee on cancer ajcc staging of malignant tumors of the major salivary glands ie, parotid, submandibular, sublingual.
Inflammatory tumors and benign cysts represent the major cause of salivary gland enlargements in children. Minor salivary gland tumors msgts are infrequent, accounting for 1015% of all salivary neoplasms, and are fundamentally located in the palate 50%, lips 15%. Comparative histogenesis and morphogenesis of mucoepidermoid. Pdf histogenesis of salivary gland neoplasms researchgate. Sep 04, 2019 the histogenesis of sgts is based on the salivary gland unit see the image below. It emphasizes the histogenesis and molecular pathogenesis of salivary gland tumors.
The majority of these neoplasms are benign and only 20% are malignant. There are also hundreds of small minor salivary glands lining parts of the mouth, nose, and larynx that can be seen only with a microscope. Salivary gland tumors msd manual professional edition. Introduction salivary gland tumours are a morphologically and clinically diverse group of neoplasms, which may present considerable. Salivary gland tumors definition of salivary gland tumors. Salivary gland neoplasms are rare, yet histologically diverse, posing a diagnostic challenge to many practicing pathologists. However, if we look at each salivary gland in turn, several large series have shown that mucoepidermoid carcinoma is only the commonest cancer in the parotid glands, comprising around 33% 14, 15. Salivary glands may be involved in a wide variety of diseases, which may be broadly grouped into 1 inflammatory, 2 noninflammatory, nonneoplastic and 3 neoplastic categories. A painless salivary mass is the most common sign and is evaluated by fineneedle aspiration biopsy. Salivary gland tumors tehran university of medical sciences. The parotid gland has an irregular form, of feather, unilobular. Nov 21, 2019 tumors of the salivary glands account for only 24% of head and neck neoplasms.
Dna is the chemical in each of our cells that makes up our genes the instructions for how our cells function. Much of the early years of salivary gland tumor pathology focused on relating. With the publication of the 4th edition of world health organization who classification of head and neck tumors in 2017, 1 several significant changes have taken place in the classification of salivary gland neoplasms which impact the daily pathology practice. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 9. Mammary analog secretory carcinoma masc of salivary gland origin is a recently described tumor that harbors a characteristic balanced chromosomal translocation, 1, 5. The salivary glands are classified as major or minor. Document size see salivary gland cap protocol for staging size cutoffs describe lesion, location small tumors 3 cm or less.
Pathology of true malignant mixed tumor carcinosarcoma. Malignant sgts represent 6% of head and neck cancers and 0. It discusses the basic structures and functions of the salivary glands in detail with easytounderstand line diagrams and photomicrographs. Pdf salivary gland tumors are one of the most complex and relatively rare group of lesions encountered in oral pathology practice. Histogenesis of the papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum. Sep 28, 2017 although we know a few things that can raise a persons risk of salivary gland cancer, its not clear exactly what causes most of these cancers. The parotid gland represents the biggest salivary gland, having a craniocaudal size of about 5,8 cm and a dorsalventral size of about 3,4 cm. Despite this the knowledge of histogenesis and morhogenetic concepts of salivary gland tumorigenesis greatly helps the pathologist in classifying these lesions as well as determining the prognosis. An approach to the why is salivary gland pathology.
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